Topic 7: Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and Information Literacy (Lecture)

1. Copyright: Copyright is a legal right that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to its use and distribution, usually for a limited time, with the intention of enabling the creator to receive compensation for their intellectual effort.  

   Source: [Copyright Law of the United States](https://www.copyright.gov/title17/)

2. Plagiarism: Plagiarism is the act of using someone else's words, ideas, or work without giving them proper credit. It is a form of academic dishonesty and intellectual theft.  

   Source: [Merriam-Webster Dictionary](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plagiarism)

3. Cyberbullying: Cyberbullying refers to the use of electronic communication to bully, harass, or threaten others, typically through social media, messaging apps, or online forums. It can have serious psychological and emotional effects on victims.  

   Source: [StopBullying.gov](https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-it)

4. Computer Addiction: Computer addiction, also known as internet addiction or digital addiction, is a behavioral disorder characterized by excessive or compulsive use of computers or the internet, which interferes with daily life and responsibilities.  

   Source: [Psychology Today](https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/conditions/computer-and-internet-addiction)

5. Digital Divide: The digital divide refers to the gap between those who have access to digital technologies and the internet and those who do not. It encompasses disparities in access to hardware, software, internet connectivity, and digital literacy skills.  

   Source: [World Economic Forum](https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/06/what-is-the-digital-divide/)

6. Cyber Libel: Cyber libel is the act of defaming or damaging someone's reputation using digital communication channels such as social media, websites, or online forums. It involves the dissemination of false or harmful information about an individual or organization.  

   Source: [Philippine Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012](https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2012/09/12/republic-act-no-10175/)

7. Virtual Sex Trafficking: Virtual sex trafficking refers to the exploitation and trafficking of individuals for the purposes of sexual exploitation through online platforms, virtual reality environments, or other digital means. It involves the solicitation, grooming, and coercion of victims into engaging in sexual activities.  

   Source: [United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime](https://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/2018/Issue_Brief_-_Virtual_Sex_Trafficking.pdf)

8. Online Fraud: Online fraud, also known as internet fraud or cyber fraud, encompasses a variety of fraudulent activities conducted over the internet, such as phishing, identity theft, credit card fraud, and fake online transactions. It often involves deception and manipulation to gain unauthorized access to personal or financial information.  

   Source: [Federal Trade Commission](https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/online-scams)

9. **AI Ethics**: AI ethics refers to the moral principles, guidelines, and standards that govern the development, deployment, and use of artificial intelligence technologies. It addresses issues such as fairness, transparency, accountability, privacy, and bias in AI systems.  

   Source: [Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-ai/)

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